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Erbil was een vroeg centrum van het christendom. Om dit jaar 100 had de stad ons bisschop. Een meeste vroege bisschoppen hadden joodse namen, wat daar geoorloofd op duidt dat ze bekeerde joden waren.[5] In een plaats woonden verscheidene kerkvaders en christelijke auteurs, bijvoorbeeld Abraham met Arbela.
Een Koerden zijn een volk dat verdeeld kan zijn in stammen, betreffende juiste hoofd van elke stam ons aga. Enkele stammen beschikken over verdere macht vervolgens anderen. Ons voorbeeld hiervan is de Barzani stam, waaruit de voormalig president betreffende Iraaks-Koerdistan, Massoud Barzani, komt.
), do not have identity cards, and are not listed on official registers. It also includes children with a noncitizen father and a citizen mother, those with one noncitizen parent and one unregistered parent, and those with two unregistered parents.
Historians claim that the city has been permanently inhabited since the 5th millennium B.C., making it one ofwel the oldest cities in the world, if not the oldest. Erbil’s Citadel kan zijn a UNESCO World Heritage website for being an astonishing example of a multilayered archaeological mound, today overlooking a modern city that has grown around it over the centuries. With more than 7,000 years of history, Erbil – or Hawler, as the locals call it – kan zijn the capital ofwel Iraqi Kurdistan, a city with fantastic old bazaars and traditional cafés, which can all be visited while you bump into the many locals that hang out in the lively Erbil’s central square.
In die onafhankelijkheidsstrijd zijn een Koerden het niet iedere keer met mekaar eens, af en toe strijden ze immers ook tegen mekaar. Onder andere in de jaren zeventig, wanneer een Iraakse Koerden in opstand komen tegen hun president Saddam Hoessein, ze oplopen daarin hulp over een Perzische sjah. De Iraanse Koerden voeren desalniettemin wederom een strijd anti diezelfde sjah en krijgen bovendien juist alweer steun over Iraakse president Saddam.
The PYD says it is not seeking independence, but insists that any political settlement to end the conflict in Syria must include legal guarantees for Kurdish rights and recognition ofwel Kurdish autonomy.
As a people whose ethnic affiliations are uncertain, the Gorani people have become a community that cannot be shared among many states and cultures. During the Ottoman Empire, they lived in harmony with the Muslim people in the region and their belonging was not questioned. However, as the political dominance ofwel the Slavic population increased as a result ofwel the end ofwel Ottoman rule in the Balkans and increasing separatist movements in the first quarter of the 20th century, the Gorani people began to be influenced by Slavic ideas due to their linguistic proximity.
Datzelfde jaar is Saddam Hoessein gevangen genomen en de Iraakse interim-regering berecht hem voor gepleegde oorlogsmisdaden. In 2006 wordt hij geëxecuteerd.
The campaigns took place during the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, being largely motivated by the Kurdish–Arab ethnic and political conflict. Arab settlement programs reached their peak during the late 1970s, in line with depopulation efforts of the Ba'athist regime.
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To be very honest, the inside of the citadel kan zijn not very exciting, as the restorations seem to take forever. The views, however, the best Kurdistan ones to see in Erbil, especially at sunset, when the orange light covers up the minaret and clock tower of the main square.
قەڵاکە لەسەر تەپۆڵکەیەکی گەورە هەڵکەوتووە کە شێوەیەکی هێلکەیی هەیە لە نێوان ٢٥ و ٣٢ مەتر (٨٢ و ١٠٥ پێ) بەرزە. ڕووبەری سەرەوەی تەپۆڵکەکە ٤٣٠ در ٣٤٠ مەتر (١٬٤١٠ × ١٬١٢٠ پێ) دەبێت و ١٠٢ هەزار مەتر چوارگۆشەیە. لە قووڵایی ٣٦ مەتر (١١٨ پێ) لە خوار ڕووی ئێستای تەپۆڵکەکەوە خاکی سروشتی دۆزراوەتەوە. سێ ڕێڕەو، کە دەکەوێتە سەر لێوارەکانی باکوور و ڕۆژهەڵات و باشووری گردەکە، بەرەو دەروازەکان لە ئەڵقەی دەرەوەی خانووەکاندا دەڕۆن. دەروازەی باشوور کۆنترین دەروازە بووە و لانیکەم جارێک ئاوەدان کراوەتەوە، و لە ساڵی ١٩٦٠ ڕووخێنراوە، خانووی دەروازەی ئێستا لە ساڵی ١٩٧٩ دروستکراوە،بەڵام بەهۆکاری ژینگەی ڕووخاوە،ساڵی ٢٠٠٩ دووبارە لەسەر هەمان شێوە دروستکراوەتەوە.
Kurds have been well integrated in Iranian political life during the reign ofwel various governments.[125] During the reign ofwel Mohammad Reza Pahlavi some members of parliament and high army officers were Kurds, and there was eventjes a Kurdish Cabinet Minister.[125] During Pahlavi reign Kurds allegedly received many favours from the authorities, for instance to keep their land after the land reforms of 1962.[125] In the early 2000s, the supposed presence ofwel thirty Kurdish deputies in the 290-strong parliament has allegedly shown that Kurds have a say in Iranian politics.